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CPAP pressure settings are the amount of air pressure your machine delivers, measured in centimeters of water (cmH2O). Home CPAP machines deliver 4 to 20 cmH2O, and most people are prescribed a number somewhere in the middle. The number itself is not a grade for how bad your sleep apnea is. It's the lowest pressure that kept your airway open during your sleep study.
You've probably seen a number on your machine's screen, on your prescription, or inside an app, with nobody explaining what it means. If you've stared at "CPAP 10" or "APAP 5-15" and wondered what it means, you're not alone. This guide translates it. Stick with it, and by the end you'll read your own prescription the way a respiratory therapist does.
At a Glance
- Unit: cmH2O, centimeters of water pressure. 1 cmH2O is a very small amount of pressure. The whole 4 to 20 range is gentle enough to breathe against.
- Range: 4 to 20 cmH2O on ResMed AirSense 11, AirSense 10, AirMini, and React Health Luna G3 machines. Bilevel machines go higher.
- Typical: Reported averages cluster between 8 and 10 cmH2O across manufacturer, patient-education, and clinical sources.
- Who sets it: Your sleep physician, based on a titration study or auto-adjusting machine data. CPAP machines are prescription devices, so the therapy pressure is locked; comfort settings are yours to adjust.
If you're here because the air pressure feels like too much, our guide on whether your CPAP pressure is too high walks through the signs and the fixes.
What CPAP Pressure Settings Are (and What cmH2O Means)
A CPAP machine treats obstructive sleep apnea by blowing a steady stream of air through your CPAP mask (such as a full-face mask) to keep your airway open while you sleep. The pressure setting is how hard it blows, measured in centimeters of water (cmH2O).
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) delivers constant pressure during both inhalation and exhalation, so soft tissue at the back of the throat can't collapse. The pressure is measured in cmH2O, and the machine holds that level steady all night [12].
cmH2O is the pressure needed to push a column of water up by that many centimeters. Think of it less like a blast of air and more like a gentle, steady breeze against your throat. That air pressure acts like a cushion that keeps the airway from closing.
CPAP is one of the most common treatments for sleep apnea, and it works by keeping the airway open so you get the oxygen you need [14]. The number doesn't measure how sick you are. Two people with the same apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) score can need very different ideal CPAP pressure, because their airways are shaped differently or affected by conditions like a deviated septum.
The rest of this guide walks through every number you'll meet: the machine's range, your own prescribed number, and what changes when you see two numbers instead of one.
What Your Number Means: The 4 to 20 cmH2O Range Explained
Almost every home CPAP machine can deliver between 4 and 20 cmH2O, but almost nobody is prescribed 4 or 20. Most prescriptions land between 6 and 14, and the sources that report an average put it between 8 and 10 cmH2O.
| Who reports it | What they say about typical CPAP pressure | Type of source |
|---|---|---|
| ResMed | For most people, the setting is between 6 and 14 cmH2O, averaging 10 cmH2O. | Manufacturer |
| AASM titration guideline (Kushida 2008) | Titration starts at a minimum of 4 cmH2O, and the recommended maximum for adults is 20 cmH2O. No fixed "normal" number is given; the goal is the lowest pressure that eliminates events. | Clinical guideline |
| StatPearls (NCBI) | Auto-titrating CPAP commonly operates between 5 and 15 cmH2O; manual titration often increases in 2 cmH2O increments, starting at 5. | Clinical reference |
| Patz et al. 2010, Sleep | In 7 patients using an auto-adjusting machine, the average 95th percentile pressure was 9.4 to 9.5 cmH2O, and the median pressure was about 7 cmH2O. | Small research study |
| Nicole Haut, RT, Sleeplay (video in section 3) | Most people start between 4 and 20 cmH2O, with an average around 9 cmH2O. | Our respiratory therapist's clinical observation |
The sources agree on the machine range (4 to 20) and disagree slightly on the "typical" number (9 to 10 by most accounts), because they measure different groups of people. Your prescription isn't compared against an average. It's compared against your own airway.
4 cmH2O is the floor, because it's the minimum starting pressure in the AASM titration protocol and the lowest setting on the machines we cover in section 5 [7]. 20 cmH2O is the adult ceiling in the same protocol. If events continue at 15 cmH2O during a titration, the guideline says the patient may be switched to bilevel therapy [7]. Bilevel machines reach 25 cmH2O, which section 5 below covers in detail.
What does 4.0 mean on my CPAP machine?
4.0 cmH2O is the lowest pressure the machine can deliver. You'll see it at the start of a ramp, or as the minimum of an auto-adjusting range, and it doesn't mean the machine is off or broken.
What is the most common CPAP pressure setting?
There's no single common number, but the reported averages sit between 8 and 10 cmH2O, as the table above shows.
One thing worth saying plainly: charts that map mild, moderate, and severe sleep apnea to fixed pressure bands aren't in any guideline we could find. The AASM protocol titrates to the pressure that removes events, whatever the severity score [7]. Our RT's observation that someone with mild OSA might need around 8 cm of water while others might need 15 or more is just that: an observation, not a rule. We attribute it to her by name in section 3.
If you want to see your own pressure line night by night, our guide to reading OSCAR charts covers exactly that.
How Your Pressure Number Is Chosen: Titration Rules
Your number wasn't picked from a list. A technician or an auto-adjusting machine found it through titration: they raised the pressure step by step until your apneas, hypopneas, arousals, and snoring stopped, then wrote down the lowest pressure that did it.
The AASM manual titration protocol starts CPAP at 4 cmH2O and increases it by at least 1 cmH2O at intervals of no more than 5 minutes until obstructive apneas, hypopneas, respiratory effort-related arousals, and snoring are eliminated [7]. The technician raises the pressure when they see at least 2 obstructive apneas, at least 3 hypopneas, at least 3 RERAs, or at least 3 minutes of loud snoring in an adult [7]. An optimal titration brings the respiratory disturbance index below 5 events per hour for at least 15 minutes and includes sleep on the back during REM at that pressure; a good titration brings it to 10 or below [7]. For what actually happens during the titration night, our CPAP titration sleep study guide walks through the whole process.
The AASM also allows certain auto-adjusting machines, or CPAP devices, to find your pressure at home to treat OSA. They may be used unattended to treat moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea, or to determine a fixed pressure, in patients without heart failure, significant lung disease, central sleep apnea, or hypoventilation syndromes, with close follow-up [8].
A 2019 AASM systematic review found that starting therapy at home produced the same patient outcomes as in-lab titration, and that auto-adjusting or bilevel PAP didn't produce clinically different outcomes than standard CPAP [9]. A randomized trial of 98 patients compared three ways of setting the pressure, auto-adjusting all along, one week of auto-adjusting then a fixed 95th percentile pressure, and a fixed pressure from a formula, and found no difference in outcomes at 6 months [10]. If a home sleep test is your starting point, our home sleep test vs sleep lab comparison and the WatchPAT One home sleep test cover that path.
"That pressure is measured in centimeters of water, usually ranging from 4 to 20. During your sleep study, your provider finds the lowest, most effective pressure that prevents apneas."
"Someone with mild sleep apnea might need around 8 cm of water, while others might need 15 or more."
"Most people start between 4 and 20 cm of water, with an average around 9 cm of water. This number isn't random. It's found during your titration study where your breathing, oxygen levels, and sleep stages are all monitored to find the lowest pressure that keeps your airway open all night."
— Nicole Haut, Respiratory Therapist, Sleeplay
How to Read a CPAP Prescription: Real Setting Examples
A CPAP prescription is a short line of mode plus numbers. "CPAP 10" means one fixed pressure of 10 cmH2O all night. "APAP 5-15" means the machine floats between 5 and 15 as your breathing patterns change. "BiPAP 15/10" means 15 on the inhale and 10 on the exhale.
| What the prescription says | Mode | What the numbers mean | Machine examples we carry |
|---|---|---|---|
| CPAP 10 | Fixed pressure CPAP | One constant pressure of 10 cmH2O during inhale and exhale, all night. Machines can deliver 4 to 20 in this mode [1]. | ResMed AirSense 11 AutoSet (CPAP mode), ResMed AirSense 10 AutoSet |
| APAP 5-15 (also written Auto 5-15 or AutoSet 5-15) | Auto-adjusting CPAP | A minimum of 5 and a maximum of 15 cmH2O. The machine raises pressure when it detects flow limitation, snoring, or apneas and lowers it when breathing is stable; it never goes outside the two numbers [1]. | AirSense 11 AutoSet, AirMini AutoSet, React Health Luna G3 Auto CPAP, React Health G3 X |
| CPAP 10, EPR 2 | Fixed CPAP with exhale relief | 10 cmH2O on the inhale, dropping by 2 cmH2O on each exhale (EPR levels are 1, 2, or 3 cmH2O, and the pressure never drops below 4). EPR is a comfort setting, not a second prescription number [1]. | AirSense 11 AutoSet |
| BiPAP 15/10 (IPAP 15, EPAP 10) | Bilevel | 15 cmH2O when you breathe in (IPAP) and 10 when you breathe out (EPAP). The 5 cmH2O gap is the pressure support. AirCurve 11 VAuto covers IPAP 4 to 25, EPAP 4 to 25, and pressure support 0 to 10 [2]. | ResMed AirCurve 11 VAuto, React Health Luna G3 25A BiPAP |
| Ramp 20 min, start 4 | Comfort setting on any mode | Therapy begins at 4 cmH2O and rises to the prescribed pressure over 20 minutes so you can fall asleep. Ramp is Off, 5 to 45 minutes, or Auto on the AirSense 11 [1]. | Any machine above |
To find these numbers on your own paperwork, look for three parts: the mode, the pressure or pressure range, and then optional comfort lines like ramp, EPR, or humidity. A range with two numbers isn't two prescriptions. It's a floor and a ceiling.
These ranges come straight from each manufacturer's own documentation: the AirSense 11's ranges and EPR levels [1], the AirCurve 11 VAuto's ranges [2], the AirMini's 4 to 20 range across AutoSet, AutoSet for Her and CPAP modes [3], and the Luna G3's 4 to 20 range in 0.5 cmH2O increments [5].
If you're deciding between a fixed and an auto-adjusting machine, that's really its own question. Our APAP vs CPAP comparison walks through whether an auto-adjusting range is right for you. And if you were prescribed two pressures instead of one, our CPAP vs BiPAP guide explains why some people need bilevel.
You can compare every machine that supports these modes in our CPAP machines collection, or go straight to auto-adjusting CPAP machines or bilevel and BiPAP machines.
Fixed CPAP, Auto CPAP, and BiPAP: What the Numbers Mean on Each
The same number means something slightly different depending on the machine. On a fixed CPAP, 10 is the pressure you get. On an auto CPAP, 10 might be your ceiling, your floor, or the pressure the machine reached at 3 a.m. On a bilevel, you always see two numbers.
| Machine we carry | Modes | Pressure range (manufacturer) | Exhale relief and ramp | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ResMed AirSense 11 AutoSet | AutoSet, AutoSet for Her, CPAP | 4 to 20 cmH2O in every mode | EPR off, 1, 2 or 3 cmH2O; Ramp Off, 5 to 45 min, or Auto | AirSense 11 User Guide |
| ResMed AirSense 10 AutoSet | AutoSet, CPAP | 4 to 20 cmH2O | EPR off or 1 to 3; ramp 0 to 45 min | Our verified product page |
| ResMed AirMini AutoSet | AutoSet, AutoSet for Her, CPAP | 4 to 20 cmH2O | Set and monitored through the AirMini app | AirMini User Guide |
| React Health Luna G3 Auto CPAP | Auto CPAP, CPAP | 4 to 20 cmH2O in 0.5 cmH2O steps | Reslex exhale relief off or 1 to 3; ramp 0 to 60 min | Luna G3 User Manual |
| React Health G3 X | Auto CPAP, CPAP | Auto-adjusts within the range your physician prescribes | Reslex off or 1 to 3; ramp 0 to 60 min | G3 X User Manual |
| ResMed AirCurve 11 VAuto | VAuto (auto bilevel), S | IPAP 4 to 25, EPAP 4 to 25, pressure support 0 to 10 cmH2O | Ramp and comfort settings per user guide | AirCurve 11 User Guide |
Fixed CPAP: the number on the screen is the prescription, full stop.
Auto CPAP: the two prescription numbers are limits, not a single setting. The pressure you see in your morning report is where the machine spent most of the night, known as the 95th percentile pressure, the level it stayed at or below for 95 percent of the night. That's the number people mean when they say "my machine says 9.4." The machine responds to flow limitation, snoring, and apneas; our guide on whether auto CPAP is right for you covers how that works. If you're setting up a travel machine, our ResMed AirMini review covers getting set up through the app, and if you're comparing the two AirSense generations, our AirSense 11 vs AirSense 10 comparison lays out the difference.
Bilevel: two numbers, always. The difference between them is what makes exhaling easier.
Our product pages list these specs after checking the manufacturer documents; we haven't run bench tests on pressure accuracy ourselves. The user guides report displayed pressure accuracy of plus or minus 0.5 cmH2O on the AirSense 11 [1], which is why a screen reading of 9.4 isn't something to chase.
Browse travel CPAP machines if portability matters to you, or bilevel and BiPAP machines if your prescription carries two numbers.
Comfort Settings Are Not Pressure Settings: Ramp, EPR, Humidity
You can change three numbers on your machine without a new prescription: ramp time, exhale relief level, and humidity level. None of them changes the therapy pressure your physician set. Knowing which is which helps you avoid worrying about the wrong number when checking your prescribed CPAP pressure levels.
Ramp: Starts therapy at a low pressure and climbs to your prescribed pressure over a set time, so you can fall asleep. On the AirSense 11, it's Off, 5 to 45 minutes in 5-minute steps, or Auto, which detects that you've fallen asleep before climbing [1]. React Health machines allow 0 to 60 minutes [5]. The AASM's patient site describes it the same way: airflow starts at a very low level, and the machine slowly raises it while you sleep until it reaches the prescribed pressure [15]. Our CPAP ramp function guide covers how to pick your ramp time.
EPR (Expiratory Pressure Relief): Lowers the pressure by 1, 2, or 3 cmH2O each time you exhale, never below 4 cmH2O; your inhale pressure stays at the prescription [1]. React Health calls its version Reslex, also off or 1 to 3 [5]. Our guide to what EPR feels like and when to use it covers the rest.
Humidity: A comfort setting that warms and moistens the air. Heated humidification reduces some CPAP side effects compared with no humidification, according to the AASM's 2019 review [9]. Our CPAP humidifier guide can help you choose a humidity level.
One rule to keep in mind: if a number on your screen changes at night and you didn't touch it, it's either the ramp climbing, EPR dipping on the exhale, or an auto-adjusting machine responding. None of them means your prescription changed.
Can You Change Your Own CPAP Pressure? Is It Illegal?
It's not a crime to touch your own machine, but federal law treats CPAP machines as prescription devices. The therapy pressure is set from a locked clinical menu, and the manufacturer, the AASM, and our respiratory therapists all say the same thing: your provider changes the prescription; you change the comfort settings.
Under 21 CFR 801.109, a prescription device isn't safe to use except under the supervision of a licensed practitioner, and it may be sold only on the prescription or order of that practitioner. Its label carries "Rx only" [13]. That's why every CPAP, APAP, and BiPAP we sell requires a prescription. If you're wondering why a prescription is required in the first place, we cover that in full, and RxExpress can renew an expired one online.
ResMed tells patients that changing the settings yourself may push the pressure too far in either direction and could make the condition worse, and that the sleep physician reads the therapy data to decide [4].
As Nicole Haut puts it, prescription settings are locked for safety, and what you can adjust are the comfort features.
You can adjust tonight: Ramp, EPR or Reslex, humidity, and mask fit (for your cushion or nasal pillows).
Your provider handles: Any change to the therapy pressure or the auto range.
Our team can review your settings with you and coordinate with your provider. If you'd rather talk it through with someone who does this every day, our personalized sleep coaching is built for exactly that.
Why Your Pressure Number Can Change Over Time
The number that was right at your sleep study isn't carved in stone. Weight, medications, alcohol, sleeping position, and the years themselves change the shape of your airway, so the pressure that keeps it open can drift up or down.
Weight: Nicole Haut names it first in her video: "If you lose or gain weight, change medications, or your symptoms shift, your pressure may need an update." The AASM's follow-up rule supports this: patients on APAP, or on a pressure set from APAP data, need close clinical follow-up, with re-evaluation and, if necessary, a new titration when symptoms don't resolve [8]. For how weight and sleep apnea interact, our sleep apnea and weight loss guide covers the physiology in full.
Medications: Medication changes are the second trigger Nicole Haut names in that same video. For other things that change how therapy feels, our CPAP side effects guide is the place to look.
Sleeping position: Sleeping on your back collapses the airway more than side sleeping, which is one reason an auto-adjusting machine's pressure line climbs when you roll over. Our OSCAR guide explains that pattern of the pressure line climbing when you roll onto your back.
Altitude: It doesn't change the number as much as you'd think. In patients living between sea level and 10,100 feet, the required CPAP pressure didn't change significantly with elevation [11]. Modern machines also compensate automatically; the AirSense 11 adjusts to altitudes up to 9,870 feet, per our verified product page.
The AASM's practical rule is that patients treated on auto-titration, or on APAP, need close clinical follow-up with a sleep specialist, and a re-evaluation is warranted if symptoms don't resolve [8]. Think of a settings review as part of therapy, not a sign that something went wrong.
Where to See Your Pressure Numbers
You have three windows into your pressure: the machine screen, the manufacturer app, and the SD card. Each shows a different slice of the same night.
Machine screen: Shows the current delivered pressure while running and, on ResMed machines, the morning Sleep Report with usage hours, mask seal, events per hour, and, on auto machines, the pressure the machine reached. Our guide on how to use a CPAP machine covers how to find the report on your screen.
App: myAir (ResMed) scores your night and shows usage, mask seal, events, and mask on/off time, but it doesn't show your prescription numbers. Our guide to reading your ResMed myAir score breaks down what each part means. The Luna QR app plays the same role for React Health machines.
SD card and OSCAR: The card holds the breath-by-breath data, and free OSCAR software plots your pressure line alongside your events and leaks, night by night. Our guide to reading OSCAR charts covers that in full, and if your card is missing, we carry the AirSense 11 SD card, the S9 and Air10 SD card, and the full SD card collection for other machines.
The number that matters isn't the peak; it's the 95th percentile pressure (the level the machine stayed at or below for 95% of the night) alongside the events per hour that went with it. Your provider uses those two numbers to decide whether the prescription still fits.
When to Talk to Your Provider About Your Pressure
Bring your numbers, not your guesses. A provider can change a prescription in minutes when they see the data. They can't act on "it feels off."
A few things are worth a call:
- persistent daytime sleepiness or persistent morning headaches
- events per hour staying above 5 for more than a couple of weeks after mask leaks are controlled (the AASM's optimal titration target is a respiratory disturbance index under 5 [7])
- an auto machine sitting at its maximum most nights; a big change in weight or medication since your study
- a prescription written more than a few years ago that's never been reviewed.
Bring your myAir or OSCAR report, your prescription paper, and a list of the comfort settings you've already tried. Our respiratory therapists can help you prepare for that conversation through our sleep coaching.
If you need to renew your prescription before a change, RxExpress and our online CPAP prescription collection can help. If insurance is the blocker, our guide on what your plan covers walks through it.
Only a physician can change your therapy pressure. We help you read the numbers and get the right conversation started.
The Bottom Line
Your CPAP pressure number is the lowest setting that kept your airway open on the night it was measured, written in centimeters of water. Machines deliver 4 to 20, most people land between 6 and 14, and the number says nothing about how severe your sleep apnea is or how well you're doing.
What the unit means, what the range is, how the number was chosen, and which settings you control (ramp, EPR, humidity) versus which your provider controls (therapy pressure): that's the whole picture in one line.
If you want a second pair of eyes on your report before you call your doctor, our respiratory therapists do this every day. If you're choosing new equipment, browse auto-adjusting CPAP machines if you were prescribed a range, or bilevel machines if you were prescribed two numbers.
"Understanding these basics gives you the power to take control of your therapy."
— Nicole Haut, Respiratory Therapist, Sleeplay
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the signs your CPAP pressure is too high?
Common signs include difficulty exhaling, dry mouth, mask leaks, bloating from swallowed air, frequent awakenings, and a paradoxically rising AHI score. If breathing out feels like pushing against a strong current of air, your pressure may be set too high. Enabling EPR or consulting your sleep specialist are the recommended next steps.
What happens if CPAP pressure is too high?
Excessive pressure can disrupt sleep quality, cause painful bloating from swallowed air, and trigger treatment-emergent central apneas. It also frequently leads patients to abandon therapy altogether, leaving sleep apnea untreated. Many cases can be resolved by adjusting comfort settings without changing the core therapeutic prescription.
How do I know if my CPAP pressure is too high or too low?
High pressure typically causes difficulty exhaling, dry mouth, mask leaks, and bloating. Low pressure symptoms include continued snoring, waking up gasping, persistent daytime fatigue, and a high AHI score. Checking your machine app nightly for AHI and leak rate data can help determine which direction your settings need to move.
Why is my ResMed AirSense 11 blowing too much air?
The most common causes are AutoSet mode reacting to mask leaks, a worn-out mask cushion, or pressure settings that no longer match your current weight or sleep position. Start by running a mask fit check on the device itself. If the seal is good, try enabling EPR in the Clinical Settings menu to reduce the sensation of excess airflow during exhalation.
What are the side effects of CPAP pressure that is too high?
Side effects may include aerophagia, which is air swallowed into the stomach causing bloating and gas, as well as dry mouth, throat irritation, frequent mask leaks, and eye irritation from escaping air. In less common cases, excessive pressure can lead to fragmented sleep and treatment-emergent central sleep apnea.
Can I lower my CPAP pressure myself?
You can adjust comfort settings such as EPR and ramp time to improve how therapy feels without a new prescription. However, changing the actual therapeutic pressure range is a medical adjustment that requires provider approval. Most machines lock these settings for safety. Contact your sleep provider for guidance if you believe your pressure needs to change.
Why is my AHI increasing while using CPAP?
A rising AHI may indicate that pressure is too high and triggering central apneas, or that mask leaks are causing the machine to overcompensate with higher pressure. It may also reflect changes in anatomy or the development of complex sleep apnea. Review your data in the myAir app and contact your sleep specialist to discuss a titration review.
What does EPR do on a ResMed CPAP?
EPR, or Expiratory Pressure Relief, slightly reduces the delivered pressure during exhalation to make breathing out feel more natural and less effortful. It operates at three levels, with level 3 providing the most relief. EPR improves comfort during exhalation without reducing the therapeutic pressure delivered during inhalation.
References
- ResMed. AirSense 11 User Guide (Americas, multilingual). Technical specifications: operating pressure range 4 to 20 cmH2O; EPR levels; Ramp Time. https://document.resmed.com/documents/products/machine/airsense-11/user-guide/airsense11_user-guide_amer_mul.pdf
- ResMed. AirCurve 11 User Guide (Americas, multilingual). Technical specifications: VAuto IPAP 4 to 25, EPAP 4 to 25, pressure support 0 to 10 cmH2O. https://document.resmed.com/documents/products/machine/aircurve-11/user-guide/398195_aircurve-11_user-guide_amer_multi.pdf
- ResMed. AirMini User Guide. Technical specifications: operating pressure range 4 to 20 cmH2O in AutoSet, AutoSet for Her, and CPAP modes. https://shop.resmed.com/medias/sys_master/root/hba/h5d/8825148964894/38122-ResMed-AirMini-User-Guide-EN-UK.pdf
- ResMed. "What should my CPAP pressure be?" ResMed blog. https://www.resmed.com.au/blog/what-should-my-cpap-pressure-be
- React Health. Luna G3 APAP (LG3600) User Manual. Pressure range 4 to 20 cmH2O in 0.5 cmH2O increments; ramp 0 to 60 minutes; Reslex. https://www.reacthealth.com/uploads/userfiles/files/documents/RH_User%20Manual_%20Auto%20CPAP_V2_1(1).pdf
- React Health. G3 X APAP (G4600) User Manual. Ramp 0 to 60 minutes; Reslex off or 1 to 3. https://www.reacthealth.com/uploads/userfiles/files/documents/G3%20X%20APAP%20manual%20V1_0.pdf
- Kushida CA, Chediak A, Berry RB, et al. "Clinical guidelines for the manual titration of positive airway pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea." Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2008;4(2):157-171. PMID 18468315. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18468315/
- Morgenthaler TI, Aurora RN, Brown T, et al. "Practice parameters for the use of autotitrating continuous positive airway pressure devices for titrating pressures and treating adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: an update for 2007." Sleep. 2008;31(1):141-147. PMID 18220088. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18220088/
- Patil SP, Ayappa IA, Caples SM, Kimoff RJ, Patel SR, Harrod CG. "Treatment of Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Positive Airway Pressure: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and GRADE Assessment." Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2019;15(2):301-334. PMID 30736888. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30736888/
- West SD, Jones DR, Stradling JR. "Comparison of three ways to determine and deliver pressure during nasal CPAP therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea." Thorax. 2006;61(3):226-231. PMID 16254055. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2080742/
- Patz DS, Swihart B, White DP. "CPAP pressure requirements for obstructive sleep apnea patients at varying altitudes." Sleep. 2010;33(5):715-718. PMID 20469814. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2864887/
- Pinto VL, Sharma S. "Continuous Positive Airway Pressure." StatPearls [Internet]. NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482178/
- Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. 21 CFR 801.109, Prescription devices. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-H/part-801/subpart-D/section-801.109
- Cleveland Clinic. "CPAP Machine." Health Library. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/22043-cpap-machine
- American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Sleep Education. "CPAP." https://sleepeducation.org/patients/cpap/
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