Reviewed by Lilly Perez, Registered Respiratory Therapist (RRT) at Sleeplay.
Your CPAP is supposed to fix your sleep. So why do you wake up with a dry mouth [15], red marks, or a stomach full of air? Every common CPAP side effect has a specific cause and a specific fix, and most of them, from dryness to mask leaks to bloating, can be solved with humidification, a better mask fit, or one comfort setting. This guide covers all 12, what causes each one, and exactly how to fix it.
In the video below, James from the Sleeplay team walks through the five most common CPAP side effects and the mindset for fixing each one.
Most CPAP side effects trace back to one root cause: dry air moving faster than your body can adjust to. If that sounds like you, take a look at Sleeplay's CPAP humidifiers to find a setup that matches your machine.
Side effects are the biggest reason people quit continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Depending on how adherence is measured, between 46 and 83% of new users fail to achieve consistent use [12]. Most of that drop-off traces back to the exact problems covered below, and nearly all of them are fixable without giving up on therapy.
CPAP Side Effects at a Glance
12 side effects, one row each: what's causing it, and the fastest fix. Start here, then jump into the article later to find further discussion on whichever one matches how you're feeling.
| Side Effect | Most Common Cause | Fastest Fix | Learn More |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dry mouth | Mouth falls open during sleep; air escapes | Chinstrap or full-face mask; humidifier | CPAP Dry Mouth |
| Nasal dryness/congestion | Pressurized air outpaces the nose's humidification | Heated humidifier + heated tubing; saline | ClimateLineAir 11 |
| Skin irritation/red marks | Overtightened headgear; worn or dirty cushion | Loosen fit; mask liners; replace cushion | Best CPAP Mask Liners |
| Mask leaks/air in eyes | Wrong size or worn cushion, fitted sitting up | Refit lying down; liners; new cushion | How to Reduce CPAP Mask Leaks |
| Bloating/gas (aerophagia) | Swallowed air, often with high air pressure or GERD | EPR on; elevate head; pressure review | Is CPAP-Related Aerophagia Dangerous? |
| Chest pain/soreness | Usually swallowed air or breathing-muscle adaptation | Ramp + EPR; acclimate; red flags see doctor | Pressure Guide |
| Headaches | Strap tension, congestion, or untreated apnea itself | Refit; treat congestion; check AHI | Headaches and Sleep Apnea |
| Ear pressure/fullness | Middle-ear pressure equalizing against airflow | Ramp; swallow/yawn; usually transient | |
| Dizziness/lightheadedness | Adjustment period; congestion; check intolerance signs | Ramp; acclimate awake; persistent = doctor | Using CPAP While Awake |
| Dry/irritated eyes | Mask leak blowing air toward the eyes | Fix the leak; refit; check cushion | How to Reduce CPAP Mask Leaks |
| Nosebleeds | Cold, dry pressurized air drying nasal lining | Humidification; saline; never ignore recurrent | NeilMed NasaMist |
| Claustrophobia/anxiety | Full-coverage masks feel confining at first | Minimal-contact mask; daytime desensitization | Best Masks for Claustrophobia |
The 12 Most Common CPAP Side Effects and How to Fix Each One
Every one of these is common, documented, and fixable. Work through your symptom using the steps below, and if a fix requires a settings change beyond a comfort feature, loop in your provider.
"Most mask problems happen for one reason. People try to solve discomfort by tightening the mask, and that almost always makes things worse. A good mask seal comes from fit and positioning, not pressure."
— Lilly Perez, Registered Respiratory Therapist, Sleeplay
For a full walkthrough of leaks, dry mouth, and general discomfort in one sitting, watch our video below:
1. Dry Mouth
Dry mouth usually means your mouth is falling open during the night, or your mask is leaking air around the seal. Either way, the humidified air from your machine escapes before it can do its job, and you wake up parched.
Start with your humidifier. Turning up the heat and humidity setting solves this for most people within a few nights. If your mouth keeps falling open anyway, add a chinstrap to hold your jaw closed through the night. For people who breathe through their mouth every night no matter what they try, a full face mask that covers both the nose and mouth is usually the better long-term fix.
This section covers the basics. For the complete protocol, our CPAP Dry Mouth guide covers it in full.
2. Nasal Dryness and Congestion
Nasal dryness and congestion are usually the first side effects people notice. Pressurized air moves through your nose faster than your body can warm and humidify it on its own, and up to 70 percent of CPAP users without a humidifier report a dry nose as a result [1].
Heated humidification is the proven fix. Research on CPAP users found that dry mouth, dry throat, and dry nose occurred significantly less often when heated humidity was added to therapy [2]. A ClimateLineAir 11 heated tube keeps that humidified air warm all the way to your mask, so it doesn't cool and lose its effect before it reaches you.
"The dryness happens when pressured air moves faster than your nose can warm and humidify it. That irritation then leads to congestion, sore throat, or sinus pressure."
— Lilly Perez, Registered Respiratory Therapist, Sleeplay
A few sprays of NeilMed NasaMist saline spray before bed adds extra relief on top of that.
If you're dealing with congestion from a cold rather than dryness alone, the fixes look a little different. Our guide on using CPAP with a cold walks through that scenario, and for a deeper dive into humidifier settings, our CPAP humidifier guide covers the full setup.
3. Skin Irritation and Red Marks
Red marks on your face are almost always a fit problem before they're a skin problem. Overtightening the headgear is the most common cause, and it tends to make things worse rather than better.
Left unaddressed, this friction can escalate. Documented cases include pressure injuries on the nasal bridge [8] and allergic contact dermatitis from mask materials [9]. Persistent broken or irritated skin is a reason to call your provider, not push through on your own.
A soft barrier between your skin and the mask helps most people. Liners and pads distribute pressure more evenly and reduce the risk of contact dermatitis, according to research on similar noninvasive ventilation masks [10]. Universal nasal mask liners and Snugell full-face liners both work well for this, and if the irritation sits specifically on your nasal bridge, a ResMed Gecko nasal pad targets that spot directly.
For the full range of protective options, our guide on the best CPAP mask liners to prevent skin irritation breaks down which style fits which mask.
4. Mask Leaks (and Air in Your Eyes)
Mask leaks cause more than noise. They dry out your eyes, dilute your therapy pressure, and often trigger the exact dryness and skin issues covered above.
The most common causes are a worn cushion or a mask fitted while sitting up rather than lying down. Cushions naturally degrade over time and lose their seal, so replacing yours every 3 to 6 months with fresh replacement cushions and pillows keeps the fit tight.
"Always fit your mask while lying down. Your facial muscles relax when you're in your sleep position, and that's when leaks are most likely to happen."
— Lilly Perez, Registered Respiratory Therapist, Sleeplay
If you've tried refitting and replacing parts and the leaks persist, the interface itself might not be the right fit for your face shape. Our breakdown of CPAP mask types can help you figure out which style seals best for you, and How to Reduce CPAP Mask Leaks covers the full troubleshooting list.
For a closer look at proper fit technique, watch our expert Lilly's video: CPAP Mask Essentials: Find Your Best Fit.
5. Bloating and Gas (Aerophagia, the CPAP Belly)
Aerophagia, often called the CPAP belly, happens when you swallow pressurized air instead of just breathing it. That air passes into your stomach rather than your lungs, and it can leave you bloated, burping, or uncomfortable by morning.
It's more common than most people expect. About 7.2% of CPAP users report aerophagia, and the odds climb with higher pressure settings and with comorbid GERD [4].
A few adjustments usually help. Turning on expiratory pressure relief (EPR) reduces the amount of effort you have to exert against the pressure when you exhale. Elevating the head of your bed and avoiding sleeping on your back both reduce the amount of air that slips past your esophageal sphincter. If bloating persists after trying these, ask your provider about reviewing your pressure setting.
Wondering whether this is anything to worry about? Our guide on is CPAP-related aerophagia dangerous answers that directly.
6. Chest Pain and Soreness
Chest pain or soreness after starting CPAP is unsettling, but in most cases it isn't a heart problem. Difficulty with CPAP therapy, including chest discomfort, is well documented among new users [5]. In practice, it usually comes from swallowed air, the same aerophagia covered above, or from your breathing muscles adjusting to pressurized air during the first few weeks.
A few steps typically resolve it. Start your pressure lower using the Ramp feature, turn on EPR so exhaling doesn't feel like a workout, and treat any aerophagia if bloating comes with the soreness. Give your body two to three weeks to adapt, and ask your provider for a pressure review if the discomfort doesn't ease up.
Chest pain that is crushing, radiates to your arm or jaw, or comes with shortness of breath is a medical emergency, whether or not you're wearing your CPAP. Stop and seek care immediately if you experience such. For the full list of symptoms that call for professional help, see the section titled "When to Contact Your Doctor" below in this article.
7. Headaches
Headaches after starting CPAP usually come from one of three sources, roughly in order of how often they show up.
The first is simple strap tension from an overtightened headgear. Refitting the mask and adding a liner, covered in the skin irritation section above, usually clears this up within days.
The second is sinus pressure from congestion, which responds to the same humidification and saline steps covered in the nasal dryness and congestion section.
The third cause runs in the opposite direction. Morning headaches are actually a symptom of untreated sleep apnea, so a headache that improves the longer you stick with CPAP is a sign the therapy is working. If you want to understand that connection better, our guide on Headaches and Sleep Apnea covers it in depth, and checking your AHI score can confirm whether your therapy is working well.
"The first side effect is headaches, dizziness, or lightheadedness. The reason for these headaches and all those other issues are because of the high pressure. After a while, that pressure that was once high is going to be normal for you, and you'll get used to it and you won't have these issues any longer."
— James, Sleeplay Team
8. Ear Pressure and Fullness
Ear pressure or fullness can occur as your middle ear adjusts to the airflow from your mask. It's usually transient, though pressure-related vertigo has been reported with positive airway pressure in rare cases [6].
The bigger picture is reassuring. A 2025 systematic review found that CPAP use was actually associated with improved eustachian tube function and middle ear pressure over time [7]. CPAP doesn't damage your ears. If anything, the evidence points the other way.
If you notice fullness, try swallowing or yawning to help your ears equalize, and use the Ramp feature so pressure builds gradually rather than all at once. This one tends to resolve on its own within the first couple of weeks.
9. Dizziness and Lightheadedness
Brief dizziness in your first few weeks on CPAP usually reflects your body adjusting to pressurized breathing, or is tied to congestion that blocks your airflow. The adjustment period James from the Sleeplay team describes in the headaches section above also covers this symptom, since pressure adaptation drives both.
A few things help. Use the Ramp feature so the pressure increases gradually instead of hitting you all at once, and practice wearing your mask while awake for 20 minutes before bed so your body gets used to the sensation without trying to fall asleep. Our guide on using CPAP while you're awake walks through that practice routine.
Persistent or severe dizziness isn't something to adjust to at home. If it doesn't ease up, it belongs in the conversation covered under the "When to Contact Your Doctor" section below.
10. Dry or Irritated Eyes
Dry or irritated eyes almost always trace back to one cause: a leak near the top of your mask blowing air across your face all night. Full-face masks are especially prone to this since the airflow sits so close to your eyes.
"This is almost always caused by a mask leak, and it's most common with full face masks because the airflow sits so close to your eyes. Even a tiny leak near the top of the mask can feel like a windstorm across your face."
— Gabriel, CPAP Specialist, Sleeplay
The fix is the same as any other leak: refit the mask lying down and check your cushion's age. If the leak is minor, a liner can help seal small gaps as well.
For more on this and other lesser-known CPAP quirks, watch this video below:
11. Nosebleeds
Nosebleeds happen when cold, dry, pressurized air dries out your nasal passages until the lining cracks. CPAP therapy is a documented cause of dryness, congestion, and nosebleeds in the upper airway [3], and the Cleveland Clinic points to that same cold, dry air as the culprit, with a heated humidifier as the standard fix [15].
"You can have side effects: you can get a stuffy nose, you can get very dry, you can get a bloody nose. Okay, you can get rhinitis, which is an inflammation of your nostrils."
— Lilly Perez, Registered Respiratory Therapist, Sleeplay
The fixes are the same ones covered in the nasal dryness section above: turn up your humidity, add heated tubing, and use saline to keep the lining moist. Recurrent nosebleeds, though, are worth a visit to your clinician rather than something to manage on your own.
12. Claustrophobia and Anxiety
Feeling claustrophobic or anxious the first time you wear a CPAP mask is completely normal. Gradual exposure is a well-documented way to improve CPAP compliance and is the most effective approach [11].
"If you are claustrophobic, you will not use your machine. It's just forget it; it's not going to happen because you're going to be so nervous you're not going to be able to relax enough to go to sleep, and it's understandable."
— Lilly Perez, Registered Respiratory Therapist, Sleeplay
A simple daytime protocol works for most people. Hold the mask against your face without any straps first. Then wear it strapped on while you're awake watching TV. Next, add the hose, and finally add pressure once the earlier steps feel comfortable.
Choosing a minimal-contact mask style such as a nasal pillow mask also makes a real difference. Something like the AirFit N30i starter pack or nasal pillow masks like the AirFit P10 covers far less of your face than a traditional full-face mask, which can make all the difference for anyone who feels boxed in. Our full ranking of best CPAP masks for claustrophobia covers more options in detail.
Anxiety often improves alongside the mask adjustment. Untreated sleep apnea is itself linked to anxiety, and treating it consistently tends to help over time, a connection our guide on anxiety and sleep apnea explains further.
Humidity Problems: Too Much vs. Too Little
Humidity fixes roughly half the side effects on this list, but it causes problems in two opposite directions. Most guides only explain one of them. We will cover both.
Too much humidity shows up as rainout: water pooling in your hose or mask, gurgling sounds, or a damp face when you wake up. Rainout occurs when the heated, moist air inside your tube cools before it reaches your mask, turning back into water [14].
A heated tube maintains the air at a constant temperature so it never has a chance to condense. If a heated tube isn't in the budget yet, a Snugell tubing cover adds insulation around your existing hose and often solves the problem on its own. For the complete rainout protocol, see how to prevent CPAP rainout. If you're dealing with this seasonally, CPAP in summer: humidity and rainout tips covers warm-weather adjustments specifically.
Too little humidity, or a chamber that runs dry partway through the night, brings back every dryness symptom covered earlier in this guide: dry mouth, dry nose, congestion, even nosebleeds. Here's how to tell which direction you're dealing with:
| Signs Your Humidity Is Too High | Signs Your Humidity Is Too Low |
|---|---|
| Water droplets or pooling in the hose | Dry mouth, throat, or nose on waking |
| Gurgling or popping sounds at night | Nasal burning or irritation during the night |
| Moisture or condensation inside the mask | Congestion that builds as the night goes on |
| Damp pillow or face in the morning | Nosebleeds or blood-tinged crusting |
| Humidifier chamber near empty and wet hose | Chamber still full in the morning (not delivering) |
"They can experience chamber dry out. The water runs dry during the night, and when that happens, the air turns dry; you get a dry throat, dry mouth, dry nose, and so on. It's unpleasant."
— Uncle Nick, CPAP Expert
What Is Safe on Your Skin (and in Your Gear)
Can you put lotion under a CPAP mask? Not if it's oil- or petroleum-based. Those ingredients break down silicone cushions and ruin your mask's seal over time, which is standard manufacturer care guidance for a reason.
If your skin needs some care, reach for a water-based, CPAP-safe option instead. Sleeplay's Sound Sleep Skin Ritual moisturizer is formulated for this, and applying it at least 30 minutes before you put your mask on gives it time to absorb before contact.
Hygiene matters just as much as the products you use. Facial oils and residue building up on your cushion cause leaks and skin breakouts in equal measure. A daily wipe-down with Snugell CPAP mask wipes takes care of the day-to-day, and a full weekly wash keeps everything else in check. Clean your mask cushion daily, and wash your tubing, headgear, and humidifier chamber weekly, and you'll cut down on both skin issues and mechanical wear.
For the complete routine, our ultimate guide to cleaning your CPAP walks through it step by step, and you'll find everything you need in Sleeplay's CPAP cleaning supplies.
Is It Actually Your Pressure Settings?
Half of the symptoms in this guide have a settings twin. If you're dealing with several of them at once, it might not be your mask at all. It might be your machine settings.
"If your pressure is too high, you might notice struggling to exhale against the airflow, a dry mouth, nasal irritation, or a burning throat, air leaking around the mask or into your eyes, gas or bloating from swallowing air."
— Nicole Haut, Registered Respiratory Therapist, Sleeplay
Two comfort features handle most of this. EPR, or expiratory pressure relief, briefly drops your pressure the moment you start to exhale, so breathing out doesn't feel like pushing against a wall. Ramp starts your pressure low and gradually increases it over your first several minutes asleep, so you're not hit with full pressure the second you close your eyes.
For the complete sign-by-sign breakdown, Is Your CPAP Pressure Too High? Signs, Causes and How to Fix It walks through every symptom pressure can cause. AirSense 10 owners dealing with machine-side issues should check ResMed AirSense 10 Troubleshooting.
If you want to check your nightly data before calling your provider, reading your myAir score guide shows you what to look for.
Long-Term CPAP Side Effects: What Is Real
Most people ask this after the first rough weeks: does CPAP get better, or does it just become tolerable? For the vast majority of users, it gets genuinely better. The side effects covered in this guide are concentrated in the first few weeks, and nearly all of them resolve completely once fit, humidity, and pressure are dialed in.
The real long-term risk isn't a lingering side effect. It's quitting. Side effects are the main driver behind low long-term adherence to CPAP therapy [13], and abandoning therapy brings back every consequence of untreated sleep apnea that CPAP was solving in the first place. That's a worse trade than working through a few weeks of dryness or a mask that needs adjusting.
One exception is worth knowing about. Some people develop new central apneas after starting therapy, a phenomenon called treatment-emergent central sleep apnea. It's uncommon, and it's a settings issue rather than a side effect you can fix with a liner or a humidifier. Our pressure guide covers it in more detail.
Stick with therapy through the adjustment period, and long-term CPAP use tends to reward you with more energy, better focus, and real cardiovascular benefits, the same upside behind the adherence numbers cited earlier in this guide.
When to Contact Your Doctor
Most of what's covered in this guide is self-serve: a fit adjustment, a humidity tweak, a new part. A few situations call for your provider instead, and AASM's own patient guidance draws a similar line between comfort fixes and clinical ones [16].
| Fix It Tonight | Call Your Sleep Provider | Urgent Care Now |
|---|---|---|
| Dry mouth, dryness, congestion | Recurrent nosebleeds | Chest pain that is crushing or radiates |
| Red marks, minor leaks | Broken or blistered skin under the mask | Chest pain with shortness of breath |
| Rainout, gurgling | Bloating that persists after EPR and position fixes | Severe or persistent dizziness |
| First-week ear fullness | Symptoms of pressure too high or too low | New irregular or racing heartbeat at night |
| Mild claustrophobia (protocol above) | AHI above 5 for three consecutive nights | Waking up gasping despite therapy |
If you're not sure which category you're in, Sleeplay's respiratory therapists can review your data and symptoms directly. You can chat with a Sleeplay Sleep Specialist any time you want a second opinion.
FAQs
What are the most common side effects of using a CPAP machine?
The classic side effects are dry mouth, dry eyes, nasal dryness or congestion, skin irritation from the mask, air leaks, and bloating from swallowed air. Less common ones include headaches, ear fullness, nosebleeds, and chest soreness. All of them have specific fixes, and most respond to humidification, a better mask fit, or a comfort setting adjustment.
What is the 4-hour rule for CPAP?
Medicare defines adherence as using your PAP device at least 4 hours per night on 70% of nights during a consecutive 30-day period within the first three months of therapy. Falling short can result in denial of continued machine coverage, so fixing comfort problems early is important. Most private insurers apply similar criteria.
How do I prevent CPAP belly (bloating and gas)?
Turn on expiratory pressure relief so you are not breathing against full pressure, sleep on your side with the head of the bed slightly elevated, and avoid eating right before bed if you have reflux. If bloating persists, ask your provider for a pressure review, since higher pressures and GERD both increase the likelihood of air swallowing.
Can CPAP cause chest pain?
It can cause chest discomfort, which is usually benign: swallowed air pressing on the chest or breathing muscles adapting to pressurized air in the first weeks. This typically eases with Ramp, EPR, and time. Chest pain that is crushing, radiates to the arm or jaw, or arrives with shortness of breath is a medical emergency regardless of CPAP use.
What does CPAP chest pain feel like?
Most users describe a tight or bruised feeling across the chest or below the ribs, often worse in the morning and paired with bloating or burping. That pattern points to swallowed air or muscle adaptation. Sharp, crushing, or radiating pain does not fit that pattern and needs medical evaluation.
Why do I wake up suffocating with my CPAP machine?
Usually one of three things: the ramp pressure is set too low and you feel starved for air while falling asleep, a large mask leak is reducing your therapy pressure, or congestion is blocking airflow through your nose. Increase the ramp start pressure, refit the mask while lying down, and treat congestion. If it keeps happening, have your settings reviewed by your provider.
What are the signs of CPAP intolerance?
Persistent symptoms despite adjustments: removing the mask in your sleep most nights, ongoing dryness or bloating after humidification and pressure relief adjustments, anxiety at bedtime, or consistently low nightly usage hours. These are signals to change the interface or settings with your provider rather than to quit therapy.
What are the symptoms of too much humidity in a CPAP?
Water in the hose or mask, gurgling or popping sounds, condensation inside the mask, and a damp face or pillow in the morning. This is called rainout: warm humid air cooling in the tube. Lower the humidity one step, raise the tube temperature, use heated tubing, or insulate the hose.
Can I use lotion or moisturizer under my CPAP mask?
Not oil or petroleum-based products, as they degrade the silicone cushion and break the seal. If you need skin care, use a water-based, CPAP-safe moisturizer applied at least 30 minutes before putting the mask on, then wipe the cushion in the morning to keep oils off the seal.
Can CPAP cause anxiety, or help it?
Both, at different stages. A confining mask can trigger claustrophobic anxiety in the first weeks, which daytime desensitization usually resolves. Over time, effective therapy tends to help: untreated sleep apnea is linked with anxiety and poor mood, and consistent treatment improves sleep quality, which supports mental health.
How does your body change after starting CPAP?
Within days to weeks, most users notice more daytime energy, fewer morning headaches, and quieter nights. Over months, treated sleep apnea supports blood pressure control and cardiovascular health. Early on, you may also experience adjustment effects such as dryness, bloating, or mask marks, which typically fade as fit and settings improve.
How long does it take to adjust to CPAP therapy?
Most people need two to six weeks to fully adapt. The first week is the hardest. Acclimate by wearing the mask while awake, use the Ramp feature so pressure builds gradually, and address comfort problems the night they appear rather than letting them accumulate. If you are still struggling after a month, involve your provider.
Conclusion
Side effects are the adjustment period, not the verdict on whether CPAP will work for you. Nearly everything covered in this guide, from dryness to leaks to that first uneasy night with the mask on, has a documented fix, and most of them take less than a week to resolve once you know what to change.
If dryness, nasal congestion, or nasal irritation is your main issue, start with humidification. If leaks or discomfort from the mask itself are the problem, our mask fit and leak resources above cover the fix in detail. And if you're not sure which category your symptoms fall into, the same Sleeplay respiratory therapists mentioned above can walk through your specific situation.
"If your mask feels irritating, leaks air, or causes dryness, get help right away. Most issues are simple to fix with better fit, humidity, or small setting changes."
— Lilly Perez, Registered Respiratory Therapist, Sleeplay (from the video "Forming Sleep Habits")
Sources
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- Massie CA, et al. "Effects of Humidification on Nasal Symptoms and Compliance in OSA Patients Using CPAP." Chest, 1999. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10453869/
- Grau-Bartual S, et al. "Effect of CPAP Therapy on the Upper Airway." ERJ Open Research, 2020. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32537464/
- Fukutome T. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of CPAP-Related Aerophagia." Sleep and Breathing, 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39215936/
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- JAAD Case Reports. "Allergic Contact Dermatitis to CPAP Mask Components," 2022. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34901358/
- Emami Zeydi A, et al. "Preventing Mask-Related Pressure Injuries in Noninvasive Ventilation: A Review," 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38826030/
- Guilleminault C, Abad VC. "Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndromes: Management, Including Desensitization," 2004. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15157408/
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- ResMed. "How to Avoid CPAP Rainout" (manufacturer guidance). https://www.resmed.com/en-us/sleep-health/blog/avoid-cpap-rainout/
- Cleveland Clinic. "CPAP Machine: Overview and Side Effects." https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/22043-cpap-machine
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- CMS. "Local Coverage Determination L33718: Positive Airway Pressure Devices for OSA (Adherence Criteria)." https://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/view/lcd.aspx?lcdid=33718
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