What Is Sleep Apnea?
Sleep apnea is a medical condition in which patients are unable to get a full night's rest. It is a sleep disorder that occurs when a person’s breathing is abruptly interrupted during sleep. People with untreated sleep apnea frequently stop breathing, sometimes hundreds of times throughout the night.
A good night's sleep is essential for proper body function. When sleep apnea remains undetected, it can cause serious health problems. Studies show a correlation between sleep apnea and conditions such as high blood pressure, obesity, stroke, cardiomyopathy, diabetes, and heart attacks. Poor sleep also increases the risk of irritability, concentration problems, depression, and anxiety.
How Is Sleep Apnea Caused?
Sleep apnea is usually classified into two types:
What Causes Obstructive Sleep Apnea?
OSA is mainly caused by a blockage of the upper airway when a person lies down to sleep. This blockage occurs in the back of the nasal canal and prevents proper airflow.
What Causes Central Sleep Apnea?
Central sleep apnea is linked to dysfunction of the central nervous system. It is more common in patients with conditions such as ALS, heart failure, stroke, and certain cardiovascular, lung, or kidney diseases.
Common Symptoms of Sleep Apnea
Symptoms are often noticed by a bed partner. If you suspect sleep apnea, ask someone to observe your sleep patterns.
Common Symptoms of OSA in Adults
- Snoring
- Excessive daytime sleepiness
- Restlessness at bedtime
- Sudden awakenings with gasping or choking
- Dry mouth or sore throat
- Anxiety or depression
- Frequent headaches
- Night sweats
Symptoms of Central Sleep Apnea
- Insomnia
- Unexpected awakenings
- Gasping or choking upon waking
If these symptoms feel familiar, contact your healthcare provider and request a sleep apnea test. Early diagnosis helps prevent complications.
What Is a Sleep Apnea Test?
If your symptoms suggest sleep apnea, your doctor may recommend a sleep study, also known as a polysomnogram (PSG). This overnight test is conducted in a sleep lab under medical supervision and records brain activity, breathing, oxygen levels, heart rate, and airflow.
About Polysomnography
The sleep specialist analyzes how often breathing interruptions occur and calculates the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). This helps determine whether OSA or CSA is present. Medicare may cover the test, so check with your doctor.
Home Sleep Apnea Testing
Home sleep tests (HST) record airflow, oxygen levels, snoring, and breathing. They are suitable for diagnosing OSA in adults but not for people with heart failure, stroke, neuromuscular disease, or other sleep disorders.
Precautions Before a Sleep Apnea Test
1. Discuss Medications
Ask your doctor whether you should continue or pause medications before the test.
2. Avoid Alcohol and Caffeine
Both substances can interfere with test accuracy and worsen apnea symptoms.
3. Wear Comfortable Sleepwear
Bring comfortable clothing and any items that help you sleep normally.
What Happens During a Sleep Study?
You will stay in a private room with monitoring equipment attached. Specialists track your sleep data from a nearby control area. You can request assistance if you need to use the bathroom.
Monitoring Equipment Used
Electrodes measure brain and muscle activity, belts track breathing, and an oximeter records oxygen levels. Most people fall asleep without major discomfort.
After the Sleep Apnea Test
Your doctor will review the results and discuss treatment options once the analysis is complete.
Treatment Methods
- CPAP Therapy
- Oral Appliances
- BiPAP / APAP
- Oxygen Therapy
- Surgery
The best treatment depends on the severity of your condition. Mild cases may improve with lifestyle changes, while severe cases may require advanced therapy.
Final Words
Sleep apnea can be managed effectively with proper treatment. Taking a sleep test is the first step toward better sleep and long-term health.
Karina Lima
24 Jun 2021•3 min read
